Level 1 Autism: A Mother鈥檚 Advocacy Amid an Invisible Disability
Advocacy, frustration, heartbreak, and joy, these are the four words that Maeve uses when reflecting on her son Peter鈥檚 childhood, and their journey towards receiving his level 1 autism diagnosis. In 2000, he was 14 months old when he started walking. This seemed harmless enough; developmental stages are just that, 鈥渟tages,鈥 right? When Peter鈥檚 second birthday rolled around, he was barely babbling, and the peculiarities Maeve had been dismissing grew into real worry. She started thinking back to her son鈥檚 birth. The doctors did say he had 鈥渇loppy baby syndrome鈥 or hypotonia (low muscle tone). But they never said what to do about it or what it could mean. If the doctors didn鈥檛 have anything to say about it鈥t must be nothing, right? Maeve couldn鈥檛 shake the mother鈥檚 intuition that powered the wheels turning in her brain, ultimately leading her to have Peter evaluated for early intervention services.
With low scores in fine motor, gross motor, and speech, the therapies began. Maeve dove headfirst into what became like a full-time job in addition to her actual job and raising her other two children, all without a partner. She studied American Sign Language, and together, she and two-year-old Peter communicated about his needs for the first time. She got out her camera and had rolls of film developed depicting Peter鈥檚 favorite, most necessary objects. Without realizing it, she created what we now know as a PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) and 鈥渇irst, then鈥 visual schedules. She followed the Wilbarger Protocol religiously, which entailed using firm pressure with a soft-bristle brush all over his body every two hours to increase his tolerance for sensory input and regulate his anxiety. She participated in his occupational, physical, and speech therapies, each occurring twice a week. She filled sensory bins with rice, guided Peter鈥檚 little hands to place Mr. Potato Head鈥檚 hat on his head, watched him with intent but hopeful eyes while he tried relentlessly to put a square block through a round hole, all the while repeating to herself, 鈥淚f we work hard enough, he will grow out of this.鈥
Peter began forming very strong attachments to inanimate objects. One particular spoon from the kitchen drawer was to him what a treasured stuffed animal is to another child. Later, a blue beach sandal became his source of comfort. For a stretch of time, a distant family friend鈥檚 Christmas card became so important to him that he slept with it every night and cradled it like a blanket. Ultimately, his most treasured and long-lasting lovey was a box of dry macaroni noodles. He would hold it proudly in front of him in family portraits, which ended up looking more like Barilla advertisements. This box of uncooked pasta began to wear at the cardboard corners and bend where he hugged it. Maeve went through rolls of tape, as Peter had worn small holes in the box, and little pasta pieces started to fall out. She giggled softly to herself because, really, was it much different from sewing loose stuffing back into a teddy bear? When people looked from Peter to his box of macaroni to Maeve with inquisitive, judgmental eyes, she let it roll off her shoulders. What others labeled a 鈥減roblem鈥 didn鈥檛 become one until Peter started attending the public integrated preschool program.
In 2002, Peter鈥檚 teachers insisted he keep his box of macaroni in his backpack. They were acting according to what were best practices at the time. Today, if I had been in their shoes, I would have considered what impeded Peter鈥檚 ability to attend to the curriculum more: a box of macaroni sitting on the corner of his desk, or the sadness and anxiety that overcame him from being without it. School became increasingly challenging. Peter met academic standards, but the classroom environment caused severe internal distress. The sound of his peers typing away in the computer lab was like long, sharp fingernails dragging across the surface of his brain. Rubber balls bouncing in the gymnasium felt like being at the bottom of an enormous ceramic bowl, unable to crawl out and escape the echoing vibrations. Maeve found green foam earplugs for Peter to wear to school to try to combat this. It worked, for a time. Peter used every bit of strength and energy he had to mask throughout the school day, so no one knew the agony he was in. He wanted to please his teachers; he wanted to be 鈥済ood.鈥 When he asked the other kids to play at recess, it felt like he was in a foreign country, and they all spoke a language he didn鈥檛 understand. In 2004, because of his inability to read social cues, the school opted for retention, and Peter repeated first grade. Maybe this would 鈥渇ix鈥 it?
It was clear that being held back had no impact on his ability to connect with other children, and he wasn鈥檛 growing out of his sensory sensitivities anytime soon, no matter what grade he was in. Maeve clutches at her chest as she recalls the heartbreak of knowing her child was disliked by the other students. One afternoon, after repeated attempts to reach one particular classmate, Maeve overheard Peter say into the landline phone, 鈥淥h, okay, I鈥檒l stop calling you. I鈥檓 sorry. I just like you and want you to be my friend.鈥 His tone was cheerful because he didn鈥檛 understand why the other boy had told him to stop calling. Peter ran home crying many afternoons after playing Wiffleball with the neighborhood kids. When Peter runs, he hums, which the other kids teased him for. He couldn鈥檛 help it and didn鈥檛 understand what the big deal was. He and Maeve now know that when he hums, he is stimming.
Everyone鈥檚 birthdays came and went, with no invitations extended. Finally, Peter was invited to a sleepover party, and when he rang the doorbell with his sleeping bag under one arm, his box of macaroni under the other, and a huge smile on his face, the classmate opened the door with a look of surprise.
鈥淵ou weren鈥檛 invited to this,鈥 he said.
His mother rushed to his side and whispered words shot from the corner of her clenched teeth, 鈥淚 invited him. Whole class, remember? Be nice.鈥
Maeve batted at the air with her hand, 鈥淚t鈥檚 okay, we鈥檒l head home. We鈥檒l watch a movie together at home, okay, Pete?鈥
The boy鈥檚 mother insisted, 鈥淣o, no, come on in, Peter!鈥, which he did, with sheer joy, and zero understanding that he was not emotionally safe in that environment.
By 2006, Peter was refusing to attend school. The work it took to endure sensory overload was too much to bear. No matter what Maeve did, she could not get him to go. He was becoming too big for her to carry, kicking and screaming, to the car. To 鈥渟olve鈥 this, the school principal started coming to their house and driving Peter to school himself.
鈥淚t felt like the principal was the truant officer, and I was the neglectful parent. It was so lonely. I felt so unseen and so misunderstood. Their attitude towards me was that I wasn鈥檛 trying hard enough to parent him; what they didn鈥檛 know was that they were trying too hard at the wrong strategy. Because Peter鈥檚 intellect wasn鈥檛 affected, no one believed me that he had a disability. They just thought I was a bad mother. The faculty was unhelpful to the point of being unkind鈥.
鈥淚 took Peter to a neuropsychologist, and that鈥檚 where we finally learned that he has level 1 autism. At that time, they called it Asperger鈥檚 Syndrome.鈥
Level 1 autism is often described as an invisible disability. Children with level 1 autism may be highly verbal, academically typical, and deeply curious, which can make their challenges easy to overlook. Because they do not always fit the narrow picture people expect autism to look like, their struggles are often misunderstood or dismissed entirely.
What is not immediately visible is the effort it can take to move through a world that feels too loud, too fast, or emotionally confusing. Sensory overload, difficulty interpreting social cues, and the exhaustion of constantly trying to fit in can quietly shape a child鈥檚 daily experience. When these challenges go unseen, children are often labeled as difficult, sensitive, or poorly behaved, rather than supported and celebrated for who they are.
For families, understanding level 1 autism is not about finding a box to put a child in. It is about finally having language for what they have always known: that their child experiences the world differently, and that difference deserves understanding, accommodation, and compassion from the people providing special needs care.
鈥淕etting this answer was some of the most intense relief I鈥檝e ever felt. Feeling like I finally understood Peter, feeling like there was an answer, feeling like a doctor recognized this for what it was, was a godsend. I also thought that with a diagnosis in writing, surely the school would give him an IEP.鈥
Maeve pleaded her case to the special education teacher, the school psychologist, and the principal. She begged them to see that he needed accommodations.
The principal sighed, 鈥淢aeve, he鈥檚 smart, he recited every Oscar-winning director since 1950 to me in the car this morning. He doesn鈥檛 need an IEP.鈥
鈥淭his isn鈥檛 about that. He still needs help, even though he meets your definition of 鈥榮mart.鈥 He has these emotional outbursts that I can鈥檛 pull him back from,鈥 she replied.
鈥淪o, he鈥檚 a little old to still be having tantrums. Sounds like there鈥檚 not enough discipline.鈥
鈥淏ut the other kids, they don鈥檛 get him. He doesn鈥檛 have any friends.鈥
鈥淗ow do you expect him to thrive socially if you send him to school looking like Shrek?鈥 This comment, referring to Peter鈥檚 green earplugs, was a moment of reckoning. It knocked the wind out of her, like a Beckham-kicked soccer ball to the stomach, and if it had been socially acceptable in the moment, Maeve would have doubled over in tears. And even though this was all true of her experience as his mother, Peter loved Shrek鈥nd he probably would have taken it as a compliment. Maeve decided to start sending Peter to the local charter school.
鈥淪ending Peter to the charter school was one of the best ways I could have advocated for him. It was so diverse and so inclusive. Every child was recognized for what made them special and given support that matched their needs. The teachers and staff put Peter on a 504 plan that provided accommodations for his low-support needs, and all of a sudden, he loved going to school. The school culture allowed for different kinds of strengths. Mostly, Peter was just so excited to have friends for the first time in his life. For his 13th birthday, every classmate showed up to his movie theatre party, including a couple of kids we didn鈥檛 even know. He wanted to see 鈥淟ittle Fockers鈥. I didn't care how much it cost to bring all these kids to the movies; I was so happy he had friends. When we got in there, and the movie started, I realized just how inappropriate it was and couldn鈥檛 have sunk further into my seat if I tried. I was so scared to tell the other parents that I had brought their children to this movie and thought I鈥檇 ruined these friendships for Peter before they even started.鈥
Maeve trembled with nerves as the children鈥檚 family cars started to appear outside the theatre to pick them up. She introduced herself to each parent and, fearfully, admitted that the movie's humor was quite adult. She braced for impact, and, to her surprise, all the parents started laughing. One father patted her on the back and commiserated, 鈥淲e鈥檙e all just doin鈥 our best.鈥
鈥淪ending Peter to the charter school was one of the best things I could have done for him and for me. I鈥檓 not saying it鈥檚 the answer for every child with autism, but it was the answer for him. What our kids need is for us to be brave enough to say 鈥榝orget this鈥 to everyone who tries to force them to succeed within societal norms stacked against them. Not only was Peter safer with these kids, but I was safer with these adults.鈥
Advocacy, frustration, heartbreak, and joy, the first three words appear and reappear throughout Maeve鈥檚 motherhood, like a tide going in and out, but the joy is steadfast.
鈥淧eter鈥檚 insistence on seeing the good in people, even the ones who are unkind, is my favorite part of being his mum. It makes him vulnerable, but it also makes him a really good friend. One year, no one showed up to his birthday party. It was crushing for me. But Pete, he just hopped on his bike and rode around the neighborhood, knocking on doors and asking neighbors to come to the house for cake. Another part that I love is the depth of his passion for his special interests in movies and Boston sports. At seven years old, he was reciting statistics on both that most adult enthusiasts didn鈥檛 know. When he was in Little League, he wasn鈥檛 exactly a star player because of his low muscle tone. But, while he sat in the dugout, he educated his teammates on every Red Sox statistic, whether they wanted to know it or not. At the end of the season, the coach awarded superlatives, and Peter was given 鈥楴icest Kid in Baseball鈥. I鈥檓 still so proud of that. To this day, at 28 years old, he really is the Nicest Kid in Baseball.鈥
At the end of our conversation, Maeve and I began discussing what she wanted people to know about being a parent to a child with special needs.
鈥淚 wanted other people to know how hard it was. I also wanted them to see that Peter is just as beautiful as he is quirky; the depth of his heart is sort of inexplicable. If I could speak directly to parents of children with special needs, I would want them to know that I see how hard it is. I would want them to know that all the time, I think about how I would have done things differently if I鈥檇 had more information. Mostly, I would encourage them to take note of the joy in their day, too. I would tell them, 鈥榊ou just need one good friend who sees you, and a therapist, so you don鈥檛 tire out the one good friend鈥.鈥
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